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Scientific discourse & good practices

We care as much about how predictive neuroimaging is done as about any single biomarker. This page collects comments, primers, community standards work, and tooling that push for replicability, transparency, and responsible ML in the neurosciences.

Replicability & predictive modelling

PaperFocus
Spisak, Bingel & Wager — Multivariate BWAS can be replicable with moderate sample sizes (Nature, 2023)Matters Arising: multivariate brain-wide association studies can replicate with moderate N when done carefully.
Kotikalapudi et al. — On the replicability of diffusion weighted MRI-based brain-behavior models (Commun Biol, 2025)How (and when) DWI-based brain–behaviour models replicate.
Goltermann, Spisak & Büchel — Concern About Predictive Performance of a Pain Sensitivity Biomarker (JAMA Neurol, 2025)Comment on non-independent “validation” and inflated biomarker performance claims.

Primers & community standards

PaperFocus
Badrulhisham et al. — Machine learning and artificial intelligence in neuroscience: A primer for researchers (Brain Behav Immun, 2023)Accessible primer on ML/AI for neuroscientists — strengths, overfitting risks, black-box limits.
Poldrack et al. — The Past, Present, and Future of the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) (Imaging Neuroscience, 2023)Community perspective on BIDS as infrastructure for open, reusable neuroimaging.

Research infrastructure for privacy & open science

ResourceFocus
Englert et al. — ALIIAS (SoftwareX, 2023)Customisable anonymization/pseudonymization with LimeSurvey integration and two-factor authentication.

Related methodological packages for trustworthy predictive models (confound testing, adaptive external validation, cluster enhancement) are listed under Predictive models and Software. See also BWAS replicability.

References
  1. Goltermann, O., Spisak, T., & Büchel, C. (2025). Concern About Predictive Performance of a Pain Sensitivity Biomarker. JAMA Neurology, 82(9), 968. 10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.2351
  2. Poldrack, R. A., Markiewicz, C. J., Appelhoff, S., Ashar, Y. K., Auer, T., Baillet, S., Bansal, S., Beltrachini, L., Benar, C. G., Bertazzoli, G., Bhogawar, S., Blair, R. W., Bortoletto, M., Boudreau, M., Brooks, T. L., Calhoun, V. D., Castelli, F. M., Clement, P., Cohen, A. L., … Gorgolewski, K. J. (2024). The past, present, and future of the brain imaging data structure (BIDS). Imaging Neuroscience, 2. 10.1162/imag_a_00103